Universal Clipboard not working from Mac to iPhone, workaround found
Universal Clipboard only worked from iPhone to Mac — fixed
I had a one-way Universal Clipboard problem: copying from my iPhone to my Mac worked, but copying from the Mac to the iPhone failed in every app. Both devices used the same Apple Account, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth were on, Handoff was enabled, and Safari Handoff was visible.
Restarting pboard, sharingd, and bluetoothd did not help. The following user-level Terminal commands fixed the problem on my Mac:
defaults write ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.coreservices.useractivityd.plist ClipboardSharingEnabled -bool true
killall useractivityd
After running them, Mac-to-iPhone paste worked again. This is a community-reported workaround rather than an official Apple fix. I hope it helps others with the same one-way symptom.