> In Excel, you can view two columns side by side without seeing the columns in between.
I don't use Excel as frequently as Numbers, but I'm not sure how you'd achieve this in Excel... can you describe how you'd do this, so that maybe an equivalent method exists in Numbers?
> IOW if I want to look at Column A and Column Z side by side, so that I don't see Columns B-Y, I can maneuver an icon that does this. I don't want to add a third column and put formulas into it.
If you're referring to those columns specifically, then just mark the table as having one header column - that will, by definition, be column A. Then as you scroll horizontally, rows B and above will slip 'under' column A so that column A is always visible.

You can mark up to 5 header columns to remain visible at all times.
If you're referring to arbitrary columns that do not include the first column(s) then your options are more limited. The easiest way, by far, is a separate table that extracts the specific columns you want, but that seems to go against what you're asking for. Hence my question as to what it is, specifically, you're trying to do.
> Note: I have only one tab. The web suggests I select that tab and then use the window menu to "Move Tab to new window". This should provide me two windows of the same data that I can then put side by side.
In Numbers, tabs relate to separate, distinct documents, not sheets, or tables, or subsets of tables.
You can open numerous spreadsheet documents simultaneously and, by default, these open in separate windows. You can combine the separate documents into a window tabbed window, with one tab per document, and the method you describe explains how to extract a tabbed document into a separate window. It has no bearing on what you're trying to do here.