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In the Pages templates chooser, there are envelopes found in the Stationery collection. Arbitrarily choosing the Classic Envelope shows in the Document panel that it is a #10 envelope and looks like this in Pages:

You don't need to change from Letter to #10 Envelope as it is done for you when you select this envelope template.
For printing an envelope, you should refer to your printer's documentation for the correct feed tray and configuration process to print a letter. I would not expect it to print correctly from the standard Letter tray.