Well, you understand wrong Rob. As has been stated several times in this thread - charging your iPhone or iPod with a 10W iPad charger will not overheat the battery, cause it to charge faster, or do anything any differently than charging it with a 5W iPhone/iPod charger.
I have been charging my iPhones (first my iPhone 1, then my iPhone4) on my origina iPad charger since I got my iPad in 2010 when they were first introduced. It makes absolutely no difference if I charge it using my iPad charger or my iPhone charger. They work identically in terms of charging the iPhone.
Your illustration does not accurately demonstrate the concept. Think of pulling a rope straight up through a tube. If the tube is the correct size for pulling the rope up at maximum speed, you would not be able to pull it up any faster if the tube was larger than the size you needed to pull it up that speed. i.e., 10W tube with 10W pull vs. 10W tube with 5W pull. The rope isn't affected, your ability to pull isn't affected, the amount of energy you expend pulling isn't affected. End result: exactly the same....
There is absolutey no difference, no negative affects, no reason not to use the chargers interchangeably on an iPhone or iPad.
Cheers,
GB