I was having this problem, call ended and immediately followed by call failed right after I dial out. I found this one another forum, and it helped me. Hope it works for you too.
Originally Posted by Tico-iPhone View Post
If you see "Call Ended" and then "Call Failed" immediately after trying to dial out from your iPhone.....
There probably is no problem with the phone. I had the same thing happen to me - iPhone 1.1.4
Just remember these 2 steps:
1) Settings > General > Date and Time > (Here, switch off "Set Automatically" and manually select your hometown). Then manually set the date and time.
Apparently the SIM and carrier wont work if date and time aren't set well, make sure date and time are the current ones
2) Settings > Phone > Show My Caller ID > Switch ON
Usually people who virginize or upgrade or even first time unlockers - forget to change the default Location setting - which is Cupertino. If you dont change it, you will not be able to make outgoing calls. But the wierd part is, you will still be able to receive incoming calls.
Hope that helps!
http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=383414
All the best