I'm suspecting your battery is failing.
I'm on my second failing MBP battery now. With both, as they began to fail, they would lose much more charge when sleeping that they did when new. When new, 12 hours of sleep would seldom use more than 5 percent of the charge. As the batteries started to go walkabout, that increased to 20-40 percent.
System Profiler will tell you the health of your battery (it's in Applications > Utilities). Launch it and select "Power" in the left pane. When the power info appears in the main window, copy and paste the "Battery Information" section into a response to your own thread. *BE SURE* to omit any serial numbers before posting.
We can then look at that report and see if any of the numbers suggest a problem. If the batter yis not the original, please state its approximate age.
Is there something that can be preventing the machine from fully going to sleep, like leaving a browser open?
I would be very careful in considering this. The huge downside is heat. If the computer is running with the lid closed in a bag. the temps could exceed what the innards can handle. I had my MBP wake up in the bag during a short trip home from a local museum--maybe 5 minutes max travel--and the case was so hot it was nearly impossible to touch.