I have exactly the same problem. I am trying to install apps I have purchased on my iMac on my MacBook Pro but it 'downloads them' and says it's installed them, but no icon pops up and if I click back on purchased it asks me to install again. Console shows the following:
un 13 15:50:14 xxxxxxx storeagent[3610]: wrote primary DSID: 127497561
Jun 13 15:50:19: --- last message repeated 1 time ---
Jun 13 15:50:19 xxxxxxxx storeagent[3610]: CANCEL 2: -[DownloadQueue _notifyClientsAboutDownloadsChange:forSource:]
Jun 13 15:50:19 xxxxxxxx App Store[3608]: Calling purchase callback
Jun 13 15:50:25 xxxxxxxx installd[3386]: PackageKit: *** Missing bundle identifier: /Library/Receipts/PPD_Installer_RI3232E3L.pkg
Jun 13 15:50:26 xxxxxxxx storeagent[3610]: CANCEL 2: -[DownloadQueue _notifyClientsAboutDownloadsChange:forSource:]