I'm having a similar issue with my early 2008 MBP since about two weeks.
I always use it together with an external monitor; at work and home; I connect them with a DVI cable (this model MBP still has a large DVI external display port).
The monitor at work is a HP Compaq LA2205wg, and at home I have a Benq G2420HDBL. Until two weeks ago both have always worked flawlessly.
When I connected the HP monitor at work that morning I noticed that some application windows - such as Eclipse, but not the Finder! - looked strange on the external monitor: a bit similar as when you view a TIFF file with the wrong endianness.
I eventually logged in and out of my account and then everything looked normal again. Until later that day, when the display suddenly went black. And it has remained black ever since: both at home and at work. I tried other cables, yet another monitor, a PRAM reset. Nothing helped so far.
I assumed that my MBP was just getting a bit old and it might be a hardware failure. It's four years old and I have used it very intensively: it's been on for about 14 hours a day in those four years. I have replaced some parts, like a faulty fan, and put a larger HD in last year.
But I did notice that when I connect the external display it is being recognised: I can see it in the Display settings. It even recognises the make, model and resolution. I can see the mouse pointer moving off the screen of my primary display - into the black nothingness .
In the console, there are a lot of lines such as this:
23-4-12 11:13:07.623 AM Google Chrome: kCGErrorIllegalArgument: CGSGetDisplayBounds: Invalid display 0x3c0a1201
23-4-12 11:13:07.623 AM Google Chrome: _NXGetScreenRect: error getting display bounds (1001)
23-4-12 11:13:13.031 AM Finder: kCGErrorIllegalArgument: CGSGetDisplayAliasList: Invalid display 0x745e4385
(just picking a few at random - there are many more of this sort)
I had more or less settled into the idea that it was time to upgrade my MBP - but reading this and similar topics has made me wonder if it might be a software / driver related issue after all. Unfortunately, I don't remember if there was an update just before the screen went black.
It'd be nice if I could get the external display back to work - even if just for the months until the new MBP comes out.