My initial response was preliminary, which is why I prefaced it with "I think." I had only gone as far as making sure I had a clean install of OS X on the drive with all of my apps. Tested that, then installed 10.6.7 and tested again.
What I did today was install SL on an erased drive and updated it to 10.6.6. I put nothing else on the drive that could interfere with the results. No third party software, no drivers for my MS keyboard or Logitech mouse. Nada. OS X only as it installs with Apple's installation disk and updates. The only exception was to install the Adobe Acrobat Reader. I installed the current 10.0.2 version. A necessity since that's where the main report of problems are; PDF files aren't displaying correctly on Macs or PCs using various OpenType PostScript fonts. Can't test it without installing it.
Yesterday, I had only tested OT PS fonts from three sources (Adobe, MacFonts and converted legacy Mac TrueType), and a set of OT TrueType fonts. I started there since most of the reports were about OpenType PostScript. To make sure I had all font types covered, today I tested Adobe Type 1 PS, a set of randomly chose Type 1 PS from other vendors, .dfonts, legacy Mac TrueType, and legacy PC TrueType. I also redid the OpenType PS fonts. All documents for each set of fonts were created with TextEdit and then printed a PDF file using OS X's built in Save as PDF.
The results on a drive with nothing but OS X, 10.6.6 on it (and the Acrobat Reader 10.0.2) is that all PDF files work and display as expected in both Preview and the Acrobat Reader.
As soon as you install 10.6.7, OpenType PostScript fonts are indeed broken. Which OT PS fonts you're using depends on whether or not you get an error, but it is confined to OT PS fonts. All PDF files, including those using OpenType PostScript fonts display correctly in Preview. With the Acrobat Reader, all PDF files display correctly except those using OT PS fonts. So no matter who gets PDF files created under 10.6.7 using OT PS fonts, they will not display correctly on the Mac or in Windows.
In my opinion, this is something Apple is responsible for.
1) Everything worked in 10.6.6. Neither Acrobat Pro nor the Reader changed. The OS did.
2) That Preview still displays all PDF files correctly in 10.6.7 does not mean it is Adobe's responsibility to follow Apple's updates to make their own file format work.