I did this as well (deleting the Calendar Cache), and it worked. However, there were a few nuances.
1. The first time I tried it, 2 calendars appeared in my iCal. I then deleted one of them, closed iCal, went back to the finder, and deleted both "Calendar Cache" and "Calendar Cache~".
This fixed the problem temporarily. However, my iCal lost the connection with the Gmail calendar once again about 10 minutes later.
I performed the whole procedure one more time, and now it all seems to work. Appointments which had been created on my iCal calendar but had not been synched to my Gmail calendar had to be adjusted slightly and then updated so they are synced back onto my Gmail calendar - so I went through those and did a small adjustment (just added a space). Luckily there were only a couple as I haven't had this problem for too long.
Invitees to the meetings then received their invites (finally).