You're question is actually ambiguous.
Yes you can change the pixel size in the export dialogue. Select a pic in the iPhoto Window and go File -> Export. Note under the Size drop down you can select a custom size.
However, is that what you want to do? You then mention "resolution" which usually means the dpi of the image.
Dpi has no meaning on a computer. There are no "inches" to have "dots per", if you follow. Dpi only has relevance when you go to print. Here's how that works:
Your photo has a fixed number of pixels (multiply the length by breadth). Print those pixels at, say, 6 x 4 and you'll get a density (or dpi) of the total pixels/6, at 10x8 it'll be the total/10 and so on.
So, yes, you can set the dpi. You do it when you decide the dimensions you're going to print at.
Regards
TD