A.) Connect the Extreme to the XFINITY router via wire, and then turn off the XFINITY router wireless, only using the Airport
Since you specified that you wanted to use the AirPort Extreme to extend your network, I understood this to mean that you would use the XFINITY router to provide a wireless signal at its current location and then place the AirPort Extreme in another room to provide wireless coverage in that area.
You would connect the AirPort Extreme to the XFINITY router using a wired Ethernet connection and configure it to produce a wireless network using the same wireless network name, security, and password as your XFINITY network so computers could roam from area to area and always stay on the same network.
AirPort Utility, the setup application for the AirPort Extreme will suggest that you configure the Extreme in Bridge Mode, which would be the correct setting.
If you turned off the wireless on the XFINITY router, then the AirPort Extreme would not be extending anything. It would be your only wireless access point.
B.) Use just the XFINITY router, and use my Airport as a doorstop
That is an option if you do not want to establish an Ethernet connection between the XFINITY router and AirPort Extreme.
C.) Buy an Airport Express, and do the same as option A, extending the network via the Extreme and Express.
That is an option, but I was trying to provide you with a solution without having to purchase more routers.
If you decide on this option, you would turn off the wireless on the XFINITY router (if the AirPort Extreme is close by) since it is never a good idea to have two wireless routers in close proximity due to the likely interference effects between them..