Must not have been a one-time bug that made all those directories (in .Spotlight-V100-Store-V2/<some uid>/Cache/0000/0000), since they're growing again.
Dec 28 22:19:49 216-39-138-161 mdworker[30562]: (Normal) Import: Using too many resources after 26688 files (wired: 0 resident: 20311 swapped: 2 regions: 2020), hit usage threshold importing /Users/scott/Library/Mail/V2/Mailboxes/Junk (scott@valet).mbox/7BD6483D-4451-4119-B379-8E2E5C2E96B9/Data/2/4/6/3/Messages/3 642558.emlx, exiting to clean up now.
Ah-ha. (For some reason the Spotlight privacy chooser wouldn't show me /Users/scott/Library, had to drag it from a Finder window.) Put all my Junk folders in the privacy list. Who needs to index their spam?
Things have been smooth since then. So, to recap:
- look in system.log for mdworker errors, put suspect directories in the Spotlight privacy list (or just delete the problem files)
- nuke the Spotlight cache (sudo rm -rf /Volumes/[DISKNAME]/.Spotlight-V100)
- recreate an empty Spotlight index for mds to workwith (sudo mdutil -E /Volumes/[DISKNAME])
Thanks iLikeU!