OK, I think I got mine working. Unfortunately, I tried several things at the same time before I restarted iTunes, so I don't know which one exactly fixed it, or if multiple contributed.
Here's a list of everything I did between the last time it didn't work and now that it does:
- Flushed DNS again. Ran command prompt as administrator, typed: ipconfig/flushdns
- Went into iPhone in explorer, and deleted most of the photos in the folders
- Cleared all of my internet explorer cookies/cache/history
- Went into my antivirus (Spyware doctor) and added the following URLs to the exceptions list:
- itunes.apple.com
- ax.itunes.apple.com
- albert.apple.com
- Reset Winsock again: Ran command prompt as administrator, typed: netsh winsock reset
But this time, I didn't restart my computer yet, I tried opening iTunes anyway and the store loaded. Sure enough, when I tried to sync, instead of it staying on the rotating candycane bar for "backing up", it went to the progress bar, which is currently filling up. I expect it to take a while since it's a fully fresh backup (I had deleted all of the previous backups)
Sorry I didn't isolate the solution that worked for me better. My backup folder is currently at 4.40 GB instead of just a couple of hundred KB. I'll update if it still stays locked up but so far it's progressed way past where it was before.