I'm having the same problem here with my 4s. It seemed fine at first. Then, a couple days ago, I noticed that, after starting the day fully charged, the battery would be nearly drained by the evening, even with minimal use of the phone.
I tried a couple suggestions I saw floating around, like turning off the sending of diagnostic information to Apple, turning of syncing with all the various services with iCloud (e.g. contacts, mail), deleting some third party apps, to no avail.
Then, yesterday, I wiped the phone completely and did a fresh re-install from iTunes. I installed no third party apps, but I did configure the phone to sync with iCloud. Pretty much I did little else to the phone. I charged the phone to 100% last night, then left it by my bedside overnight to see what would happen after making these changes. This am, I awoke to find the phone almost completely discharged. This is without using the phone for much of anything - no phone calls, no e-mail, no web browsing. The only thing I did was flick the phone on a couple times to check the battery charge state, then flick the phone off promptly afterwards each time.
I went to the Apple store today. By the time I got to see the Genius representative, the phone had completely discharged (would not turn on any more). This is about 14 or 15 hours since full charge with it being essentially unused. He did plug it in, charge it a little bit just so he could turn it on and tke a look at it. I noted that by this point, the usage statistics fo the phone showed about 14 or 15 hours since last charge to 100%, but nearly all of this (13 or 14 hours) was idicated as being time in "usage." Again, I have no third party apps installed at this point, so I don't konw what it is that could have kept the phone from going into sleep this entire time.
The Apple rep said he wasn't aware of any widespread issues with the battery for the 4S, though from this thread and news reports I am inclined to think otherwise. He recommended turning off WiFi and bluetooth, which I don't really think is really, nor should it be necessary. Reticently, he suggested reticelntly that he could switch out the phone, but at this point if there is no known fix, I told him I wasn't inclined to do that at this point. Seems like such a waste, as from the reports I am hearing, and based on the amount of time my phone is showing in "usage" (despite the fact that I am not using it), it seems more likely this is a software problem than a hardware problem.
I'm going to wait a bit anxiously to see if Apple comes out with a fix before I ask to have this thing switched out. Who knows, maybe it is a hardware issue.
I'll also continue to tinker, though I'm not optimistic at this point. Is there a way I can see an error log from the phone without jailbreaking?