I have the problem where all my two iPhones and iPad stopped receiving exchange email overnight on Sunday. I get the error "Checking for Mail" and the battery is drained quite quickly. I have an iCloud account and two exchange accounts on the phones which have worked well since setting up up until first thing monday morning when I first had the problem. The phones are a 3GS, a 4S and the iPad 2. the 3GS was set up with exchange email in June 2011, the 4s in October 2011 and the Ipad about the same time too and all have worked brilliantly since.
Restarting the phone causes the Exchange email to synchronise on its first access, when the iPhone or iPad tries to sync the second time it hangs with the message "Checking for Mail" - leaving it checking for mail for 24 hours does not achieve anything - it is hanging, but strangely iCloud email will still come through (IMAP?)
Googling this problem on the Apple forums shows that it has been around since June 2010, with a bulk of problems in October 2010 and November 2011 so the problem is pre IOS 5 - I have tried everything suggested: deleting the accounts and re inputting them, resetting the phone and setting it up as a new phone, setting up exchange without iCloud, resetting the network, resetting the exchange server, and nothing has worked.
I have also tried my Exchange email on my daughters iPhone 4 (IOS 5) and it worked just fine. I then also tried it on a friends brand new iphone 4s and it worked. I have tried another work Exchange email address on my iPhone and it did not work either. The two Exchange email accounts are on two different servers, one is our own email server and py prsonal email is hosed on exchange.outigoes.com.
The analysis is that it has to be something to do with either my iTunes set up or an application on my phone, but now I am stuck and am going to resort to going to an Apple store to see if one of their Genius people can solve it - I am really surprised that Apple have not come up with a solution on these discussions.