Do you perhaps have two Aperture installions - the old one with weird menus and the new installation, freshly installed from the App Store? Search with Spotlight for "Aperture". Your most recent Apterure should be the one installed in "Applications"; is the one you deleted still sitting in the Trash?
After force-quitting the new Aperture and opening again your Aperture Library could still be set to be opened with the older Aperture Version, if that were still there.
Where is that DGGNG string coming from?
searching with locate from the Terminal I found the string inside the Aperture.app package (and the iPhoto.app), as part of the localization strings of the "Geode.framework"
% locate DGGNG
/Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resour ces/English.lproj/DGGNGBlurOperation.strings
/Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resour ces/English.lproj/DGGNGBurnOperation.strings
/Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resour ces/English.lproj/DGGNGContrastOperation.strings
/Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resour ces/English.lproj/DGGNGMultiplyOperation.strings
...
/Applications/iPhoto.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resource s/English.lproj/DGGNGTintOperation.strings
/Applications/iPhoto.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/A/Resource s/English.lproj/DGGNGVibrancyOperation.strings
If I look inside these localization files with XCode, I see the correct description of these effects:
%open -aXCode /Applications/Aperture.app/Contents/Frameworks/Geode.framework/Versions/
A/Resources/English.lproj/DGGNGMultiplyOperation.strings
/* Interface */
DGGNGMultiplyOperation = "Polarize";
DGGNGMultiplyOperationLong = "Polarize (Multiply)";
inputIntensity = "Intensity";
inputIntensityTooltip = "The amount of polarization effect applied to the area brushed on the image";
For some strange reason your Aperture seems to use the filename of the localization file instead of the strings defined inside the file? Are maybe the correct localization files missing in your Aperture version? Which country have you set in the "Language and Text" preference pane of the System Preferences? I did not see a localization file for "british english", eg.
Regards
Léonie