So I want to plug my TC into my mini via ethernet, to use it's wireless router function to extend the network, or make a new network- either way, just so that the locus of the network for my mobile devices is down here in my living room instead of my attic.
Yeap, I think we are both on the same page at least to this point.
You said that the Mac Mini is handling the router function? I didn't think that the mini could put off a signal. That's what I understand a router to do, take some kind of internet signal and create (or extend) a wireless network for other devices to join. I did not think the mini could do that by itself.
Ok, here we are going adrift. The mini receives the signal via its airport card.. from the 4g wireless router in the attic. It then uses ICS to share the internet signal it picks up to its ethernet network. If you didn't do this I am not sure how you expect it to work.
Go to system preferences .. in the networking area, click on sharing, and go to the tab for internet sharing.
Select sharing from airport and to the ethernet. You have now made the mini a bridge or router to the rest of the network.
I thought I needed a wireless router of some kind like the Time Capsule to do that. The 4G to wifi modem is acting as a router, but like I said, the signal is pretty weak anywhere but right where the Mini is.
Unfortunately apple makes their wireless products to only work with other apple products, except for WDS which is unsuitable. So what you really want here is a wireless repeater.. you are going very round about in order to produce a repeater.
So let me give the details a little more clearly.
You have the mini now setup running internet sharing.. so it is receiving wifi from 4g wifi router.. this is bridged across to the ethernet port.
So all you need the TC to do is connect to the mini, and bridge ethernet to wireless. So you will run it in bridge mode.. you DO NOT turn off the wireless in the TC.. but you need to make sure its channel will not interfere with the wifi from the 4g router.
Reset the TC again.. go to airport utility and go to internet page.. and set connection sharing to off (bridge). Then update the TC.. when you do this the TC will now be working with an IP address from the mini or wifi 4g router (I have no idea which).. and you should then be able to connect to the TC wireless from your downstairs.
Note.. this is a horrible messy setup.
So is this wifi router in the attic got ethernet?? is there a power point nearby where you can plug in an EOP adapter?? You can then setup EOP adapter next to your computers downstairs plugged into a bridged TC by ethernet.
If you cannot get that setup, then buy a wireless repeater.. it has to be universal and not apple product, because they cannot do this. In Australia the product that is cheap and reasonable is Asus RT-N12 or N13U.. as you can switch them to universal repeater mode from router mode.
But your network via the mini is possible albeit so messy you will have no end of trouble even understanding it.