The logical structure of the hard drive is damaged; that's what "Invalid node structure" means. If fsck failed, it means that the damage cannot be repaired while this disk is the boot device, which is usually the case with this type of error. I hope your dad has an up-to-date backup, because it could well be that the error cannot be fixed.
The first thing to do is to stop trying to boot the MBP from the internal hard disk. You need to boot from a different device and try to fix the hard disk. One option is, as kurt188 says, to boot from the install DVD and run Disk Utility from there. I would not have high hopes, but it may work. If you have an external boot drive, you should use that. If Disk Utility can't fix the problem, then try Disk Warrior or TechTool. Both come with boot discs, but I should try the former first. (However, even DW may not be able to fix it.) If it can fix the problem, I should immediately back up, then re-format the drive with a full surface scan.
I rather doubt that a trip to the Apple store can help, unless it is for buying DW. I'd use the time to purchase and download DW and burn the DW bootable DVD.
This is closing the barn door after the horse has bolted, but, IMHO, when travelling with a laptop, you should take certain precautions. You should always have a copy of the install DVD with you; and you should have an external drive, configured as a boot drive, for backups and troubleshooting. Basically, you must assume that any hard drive can fail at any time, and be prepared for it.
