It's possible to reversibly hide all the icons on the Desktop, not just disk icons, without moving any of your files and folders that you normally keep in the Desktop folder. When you are finished hiding them you can quickly bring the Desktop back to its normal appearance, again without moving anything.
There is a Finder preference for this, but it's not accessible from the Finder Preferences Menu. You can do it in Terminal, but the free utility TinkerTool is much more user-friendly. It's Finder tab includes this feature:
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When you check the "Disable Desktop features" checkbox, the following explanation pops up:
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The Desktop will be switched off.
You have enabled the advanced preference setting of the Finder to no longer use the borderless background window which is known as “Desktop”. All icons on the Desktop will disappear the next time the Finder will be launched.
No files will be moved or deleted. As before, you can access all files currently lying on the Desktop via the folder “Desktop” in your private home folder. You can access all disk volumes via the “Computer” window of the Finder.
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You then click the button "Relaunch Finder". To reverse this feature, just run TinkerTool again and uncheck the box.