SATA controller or SATA Cabel defect

Hello,

after my system didn't start anymore, I tryed to set it up again with the latest timemachine Backup.

But there was a error like: "POSIX error" during making the new partition in on my harddisk.

I decided to connect the HD via a USB - SATA adapter and tryed it again. It worked as long I started with the USB connection.

When I connected it back to the SATA I get the the same problem and after switching back it workes again with USB.

USB is not my solution. What can I do in this case?

Is it pssible to switch the SATA cable in my MacBook Pro mid 2009?

What to do if the problem is the controller?

Thank you for answers!