If your feed was hosted as part of the website that was deleted it's gone: you can't retrieve it from iTunes.
To check whether the feed still exists: go to the Store page for your poadcast. Click the 'subscribe' button under the image. Click on 'podcasts' in the sidebar.
If any actual episodes appear the feed exists; if the feed has been deleted then iTunes will show the podcast but no episodes, and will give an 'i' in a circle which when clicked will bring up an error message.
If episodes appear, control-click on the line for the podcast itself (not the episodes) and choose 'Copy podcast URL': paste into TextEdit to see the feed URL.
If the feed has been deleted you will need to remake it from scratch. Until you do the Store will show the episodes in the feed at the last time it worked, but they won't play if the media files have been deleted. No-one will be able to subscribe.
When you have recreated the feed simply re-upload it to the same URL. There is no need to re-submit it. Subscribers will see it immediately but it will take the Store a couple of days or so to catch up.