I don't see any results about computer fans in the first three pages when I Google "modulated blade spacing" and "computer". Just helicopters. Apparantly the asymmetrical design sounds subjectively worse in the main rotors compared to the standard. Perhaps because you hear the unbalanced rotor wumping around at ten hertz, instead of the blades humming by forty or fifty times per second.
The Mac fan runs more like 2000 to 4000 rpm: 30 to 60 Hz, so maybe a complicated set of harmonics at that "humming" frequency and above would be subjectively less annoying. I would have thought the main noise from a computer fan was the air turbulence at the blades, though.
As to getting by with no fan at all; that was done in the original Mac. The case was tall enough to create a chimney effect and allow convection to cool the insides. I think the old "cube" shape also worked by convection.
You might also try adding radiator fins, working in a tub of Perflubron, or gluing an adobe block to the bottom as thermal mass. Or earplugs. Or playing music really loud.