Sorry to hear about your hardship. The thread pertains to downgrading from the THEN beta iOS 6, back to the released 5.1.1. The benefit of such a move being: having a working phone, where otherwise an iOS 6 beta install that is unauthorized or glitchy to the point of failing activation could render the phone useless.
I don't know your particular circumstance, but now that iOS 6 is released, you must add "find and download the old iOS 5 software," then follow my directions above. As for losing 5 years of data, all purchased apps, music, movies and shows are in your itunes in the cloud and can be redownloaded, and depending on your icloud settings the last 1000 or so photos taken are safe in your photostream and your contacts would be backed up as well. Video you shot is likely gone, as are text messages. I can understand your frustration, and that is why I have my phone back up to iCloud. I know others who still use iTunes to manage their phone data back ups, and either method works. After my directions above, the phone will prompt you to treat it as a new phone, or select an iTunes or iCloud backup for restoration.
I apologize for neglecting to mention the importance of backing up your data. It's second nature to me, like locking my home when I leave.
As for the advice I gave, it IS correct, and it WILL solve people's problems with their devices.
As for what's "wrong with me," ... a lot, I'm sure. Giving bad advice, however, isn't on the list. I'd go further and say anyone with the legitimate means of running beta iOS software is NOT an "unsuspecting DIY troubleshooter." There's a reason it is restricted from the general public. Only experts or the extremely technically proficient venture into this territory.
If you are the general public, and you became disappointed after upgrading to the final iOS 6 software because of poor mapping performance or the removal of YouTube, and decided you wanted to go back to iOS 5, searched google or the support forums and happened upon this thread, then I of course sympathize. The only silver lining I can offer you is that THIS will probably make you diligent with your data backup routines in the future. We've all lost data before, and it often takes losing that data to really learn the value of an up-to-date backup.
Sorry to hear your troubles. Best of luck!