If you are seeing a difference in this, and have recently updated to Aperture 3.3 from an earlier version, that may explain the change in behavior. A change in 3.3 has been to use a camera generated Preview until the image is actually selected and editied -- then it generates a new one. This may apply to any external Preview.
I have tested with 3.2.4, and find the image as edited in Photoshop is retained in the said Preview folder I cited earlier, but I cannot see the edited change in Aperture. I find I can drag the image to, say, Mail, and in the newly composed message the image does have those edits done in Photoshop. Therefore you might try dragging to a new folder, say, on your Desktop.
I mean no disrespect, but must say "flawed" because the behavior cannot be exactly predicted.
In an Aperture Library only one image file is meant to be durable, and that is the Master file (now in the latest version called Original). Otherwise there are Preview and Thumbnail image files that will be changed every time you adjust a Version in Aperture, and a Version file is not an image file, but rather a text file that explains to Aperture how the master has been adjusted to create the Version.
In the way external editing is supposed to work, Aperture creates a new Master (I like to call it a quasi-Master) in either TIFF or PSD depending upon your Preference setting, and that new Master is saved to the library, and it is that Master that Photoshop is permitted to edit, and then Save to with those edits. It is the only time in Aperture's non-destructive workflow that any actual image file is altered.
Ernie
Had this reply ready last night when the discussions could not be accessed for a time.