Sounds like all of these issues involve the Finder, and the Finder appears not to be working properly. Since macjack's tip didn't solve it, try running this in the Terminal:
sudo rm -rf ~/Library/Caches/com.apple.finder
Please be extremely cautious with this command! You should not try to re-type it... copy and paste that text into the Terminal. I've seen people put an extra space in the wrong place when re-typing that and end up wiping out their entire home folder!
Enter your password again, as you did with macjack's command. When the $ prompt reappears, restart the computer. If that doesn't work, you could broaden that command to nuke all the user-level caches:
sudo rm -rf ~/Library/Caches/*