Q: How do I get my deleted emails to go to the deleted items in Outlook and not the archived folder?

Who is the email account provider?

With an Apple iCloud account, there is a preference setting with the account settings on the iPhone to archive messages - save deleted messages in your Archive folder.

I believe the same is available with a Gmail account.

You're welcome.

This link should be helpful.

http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4207?viewlocale=en_US&locale=en_US

Visit Google's Gmail website for technical support with accessing a Gmail account as an Exchange account with an iOS device.

This is on Google's end.