I use a dual monitor and three spaces. Can a combination of dual monitor, multiple spaces and multiple random background images have the result that one of the screens turned gray and Dock started to run amok? This seems to have happened with my MacBook Air 2012.
I also found a way to fix it. I did "sudo rm /System/Library/CoreServices/DefaultDesktop.jpg" and then defined a new background image in System Preferences - Desktop & Screensaver - Desktop. All six desktop aren't gray and Dock plays nice.
It's also possible to do a sudo cp like Andreas Overland said.
Therefore, Apple: Maybe you seem to have a bug in System Preferences that the background image can get lost AND you also in Dock, when one of the screens is gray, a thread starts to run amok. Maybe System Preferences messes up with the permissions of the background images? I hope that you, Apple, now have enough information to investigate both issues.