Hi Gordito73-me,
It looks like we're having the same problem.
I just picked up the brand new MacBook Pro with Retina display last night. Brought it home, and tried to upload my photos from my external (which, I had also upoloaded from my old 2008 MacBook onto an external harddrive) after opting out of Setup and Migration assistant (since I've worked with Photoshop and Aperture previously... apparently this would be the "most reliable" method). Everything seemed to be operating fine... except Aperture. It would be fine for the first few seconds (maybe 10?) and then I'd get that oh-so-lovely rainbow wheel that we all love, and the word "processing". This would continue for 10 minutes, then it would pause, and I'd be hopeful and try and click on anything - even a picture - but would be halted back to the "processing" wait. I couldn't even click a thumbnail, let alone open a photo. Now, this wasn't even a problem on my 2008 MacBook, where, admittedly it was slow, but it EVENTUALLY opened. After staying up until 4am, trying a multitude of different options; quickly disabling previews in the first 10 seconds after start-up of the program, stopping gestures, minimizing preview quality, etc., I gave up. I called Apple this morning and said I'd be in to exchange what I thought was a faulty system. I explained everything to the multiple geniuses when I arrived, and they suggested that I try and upload less than my entire photo library (15,000 photos). That seemed like a reasonable explanation at the time. So, I came home, set up an entirely BRAND NEW MacBook Pro, with 8GB RAM and 256GB SSD (note that my old MacBook had nothing even comparable to these specs), and hoped for the best. I only uploaded a TENTH of my photos (approximately 3GB's worth) onto the new computer, and am receiving the same results. Clearly this is an Aperture fix (though, I was told that they had "solved" something like this in their previous update), as I've tried many options (like you) with no success. The program attempts to process all of the previews, even though I've disabled that function, and minimized 'extras' as much as possible. Thus, I am still unable to open even one single photo. It's almost ridiculous that a program of this callibre isn't even capable of opening a photo. As a professional, it's beyond frustrating, since I invested in this new equipment for a reason.
Anyway, any additional advice would be much appreciated as I purchased the compter and program in order to move forward with my editing at a faster rate. Wondering if Photoshop would run faster... but after an investment into this computer, I won't be able to purchase that for some time...