In OS X Lion, the default filename is "Screen Shot yyyy-mm-dd at hh.mm.ss.png" for a ping file.
As for your current approach...
The defaults write works with plist files, and the syntax is usually (much) simpler than what you've shown. In general, the defaults command syntax is this:
defaults write general-component key-name set-key-to-this
I'm not sure where you got that syntax. Do you have a URL I can look at with some documentation?) or some other reference?
For the lower-level operations of the command, here's the terminal command showing the general command syntax:
screencapture -h
and I don't see anything there that references the metadata. (But then I'm also running Lion, and things do occasionally change around here.)
I don't know that there's a way to do this within Screen Capture itself, but it's certainly feasible to add metadata to various image file formats after the fact. The general standard for this sort of thing is exchangeable image file format (Exif), and there are various tools around to manage Exif data.
To meet your current requirements, I'd expect to need a post-processing step using a locally-written script (written in bash, Python, AppleScript or such), reading off the metadata from the file - either the file system metadata, or the Exif data) and then renaming the matching file(s).
Alternatively, an upgrade to a newer version of OS X might be possible (depending on your hardware), as the file name selection does seem to do more or less what you want in newer versions of OS X. (We'll see what Mountain Lion does here sometime later this month.)