"So here's another vote for ML negatively impacting battery life in a severe fashion on some laptops."
If so, then those laptops are lemons. Millions of laptops were sold by Apple last year, and this is unheard of in the genius/tech world. Yes, they heard of lemons and so on. I remmember when I thought I had a drive capacity problem, and turns out a fresh install resolved everything. By far and large, the vast majority of MBP 2012 users enjoy 5 hrs + easily.
The second lemon MBA I had was with a defective trackpad. It was shorting. From the factory. Replacing the pad fixed nothing. Long story short, how a machine is a lemon hard to tell. But if 98 MBP 2012s get 5 + hrs with ML, and 2 get three hours, then those 2 are lemons.
Years ago, when building PCs, I was very much aware that x% of units, same spec and configuration, for whatever reason, would not work. Fail benchmarks etc. Most times it was the MB. Sometimes the ROM refuses to update in some units- thus affecting performance. Sometimes it was one memory chip. I remember an entire batch of Asus p4p 800 S motherboards that were so bad from the factory that hundreds were returned. The series before or after were great but not that batch.
How can the OS be impacted? say ML refuses to update the ROM specs on the SMC, using Lion's SMC on ML, that would wreck havoc on the ML battery life calculations. Is it possible? Well, when the Sr Appple techs do the diagnostic software, they essentially get the list of all rom and firmware installed on every chip of the machine, as well as that on the hard drive.
3 hrs? I would have had Apple replace it. The geniuses hook it up and measure the drain with a multimeter. If twice the normal, three failed fixes and they issue a new MB, a new machine.