I too am having this same issue. As I am writing this, I have 364gb of data that TM is estimating will take 7 days. This is over an all Apple network. My wife's laptop is running the same version of Mountain Lion as I am and her backups work perfectly and very fast over the network. I just don't understand it. I leave TM on overnight and come back to find that 8gb are left and it never progresses past that point.
I have tried hooking up to the NAS drive directly via USB and initiating a TM backup. It takes about 6 hours and DONE. Then when I hook the drive back to the Airport and try to do further backups via the wireless netowrk, TM cannot find the back up and starts a whole new, multi-day long, back up process. A multi-day back up that it has never finished by the way.
I've run Disk Warrior, re-formatted the drive. The drive comes up clean with no issues.I can go onto my network drive (which is being backed up to) and access any files that I have copied over manually on it quicly and easily. There is 1.4tb of free space on the disk, for a 400gb back of my computer. TM is useless. I'm getting to the point I'm gonna just stop using TM and get a 3rd party service. Apple products have always been very easy to use. Never have I had such problems with anything with an Apple stamp on it.