I have os 10.8.5. I get an alert sound in Mail, it's in Mail preferences, there is a check box for New Message Sound, and under that there is a checkbox for 'Play sounds for other mail actions.' I don't know if other actions will work, but i do get an alert sound when i get new mail. But there is quite a delay on the sound. There's a delay on receiving the message anyway, i mean, if i send myself a mail to test it, it takes a while for the mail to come to my inbox, which is annoying--a couple of minutes at least. But then, after teh mail comes in, it's still a while longer and then, pretty much out of context, an alert sound goes off.
The problem i'm having which led me to open this thread after a search is that i'm not getting any alert sounds in notifications. Like Calendar--if the event comes, a little message is posted in the upper right of the screen but no alert sound, even though Notification Center has a checkbox for playing an alert sound for the Calendar application. Same thing with Reminders, same thing with Unplugged whicih is a third party battery status app, in the preferences for the application and in the Notification Center preferences, sound alert is selected, but no sould plays. On these forums, i can see as a search this topic that there are people who are getting sound. I want to find out how.