First, try it with another video to make sure its not just that file... if you need some known-good files to test with try these:
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=75424
Next... what settings are you using...
Here are the settings I used for testing, the original file was video only, no audio and plays fine.
QuickTime Player > File menu > Export
Save exported file as...
test.3gp
Export: Movie to 3G
Click Options
3G Export Settings
Video format: H.264 Optmized for: Download
Data Rate: 64 kbits/sec
Image Size: 320x240 QVGA
Frame Rate: 15
Key frame: Automatic
click "Video Options"
H.264 Video Options
Encoding Mode: best
Streaming:
Enable
Maximum packet size 1450 bytes
Maximum packet duration: 100 msec