I have had this same problem since "upgrading" to Yosemite, now to 10.10.3. and the steps outlined don't work.
I can't follow the instructions given to create a new folder etc., as the options aren't there, presumably because Yosemite has changed them.
Create a new folder on the Desktop (CMD+SHIFT+N), open it, select View-View Options (CMD+J), set the window to your desired size and type view (either icon or list view: I prefer the latter), select always open, and then click Use as Defaults button. That should retain your setting and every other folder you open for the first time should also inherit those settings.
I can't now follow these parts:
" (either icon or list view: I prefer the latter), select always open, and then click Use as Defaults button."
There is no option for icon or list view. There is a always open in columns view but no Use as Defaults button.
Also, I would like the width of each column to be as wide as the widest text in any given column. Why doesn't OSX do this automatically?
Is there a solution as its a real pain to constantly widen these?