Yeah, this annoyed me once I moved to a Mac also, but I can understand Apple's reasoning behind it.
Here's the solution...
Select the files to be copied, then copy them as per usual (Command+C, select 'Copy' from context menu, etc.) NOTE: Context menu = Menu that appears when you Control+Click (or right-click if enabled)
To COPY & PASTE files ------> Use Command+V, choose 'Paste Item(s)' from context menu, etc. etc.
To MOVE & DELETE files ----> Use Command+Option+V, Open the context menu --> Hold 'Option' --> 'Paste Item(s)' will change to 'Move Item(s) Here', etc. etc.
I've had issues whilst MOVING files around and Finder crashes during the process.
This leads to issues where some items get moved to the new location, some don't, then its upto you to find out what was missed. Not ideal - better to copy first, then delete after.
DID YOU KNOW: When you select multiple files/folders in Finder, a new menu option appears in the context menu called 'New Folder with Selections'
I use this all the time.
I select the files/folders I want to move, select 'New Folder with Selections', name the new folder something meaningful, I then COPY & PASTE that folder. Once the copy process has been completed, then I feel safe to delete the folder and all its contents.
The benefit is that if Finder crashes, everything I wanted to move is still in one spot, and you can just start the copy process again and choose to merge the contents of the folders.
There are 3rd Party tools available, such as TotalFinder; which is pretty cool, but a little bit buggy when pressured.
Hope this helps and welcome to the Mac!