SOLUTION / WORKAROUND:
I am using a MacBook Retina Mid2012, OS X 10.9 Mavericks. The following solution/workaround works for me before and after upgrading to Mavericks. The following has worked reliably for me for the past year+ (2012-2013):
1) Plugin Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter WHILE moving mouse around screen
2) If my mouse pointer immediately stops moving after I've plugged in the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter, then I immediately uplug the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter.
3) After waiting 1-2 seconds, I re-Plugin the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter again, WHILE moving the mouse around screen... and at this point it works fine for me. I have never had to repeat steps 1&2.
So, for me, on my Mid 2012 Retina MacBook I occasionally experience the "System Hang" when plugging in the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter. It does not always hang my MacBook. And, if I catch it within the first few seconds of plugging it in (because I'm watching the mouse pointer for quick feedback on whether or not it is hanging) as long as I unplug it and replug it in, then I have found that my MacBook never hangs or crashes.
Summary: Moving the mouse pointer while plugging in the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter seems to be a reliable way (for me) to witness whether or not my machine is beginning to hang. Subsequently, un-plugging and re-plugging the Thunderbolt Ethernet Adapter, at that point, has always resolved the problem for me.
I hope this helps others.