I find it amazing that posts about this issue are going back almost a year and it is still a problem!
Our carrier is AT&T and I've worked with the AT&T people at the store on this issue and did all of their suggestions (resetting network setting, wiping and restoring the phone, etc). The guy at the store couldn't figure it out and said that "no one else had ever complained about this issue"--looking on the forums, however, I see that mine is not an isolated case.
What I've found with my troubleshooting:
1) The AT&T iPhones running iOS 6 are using cellular data even when the phone is connected to a wifi connection. It is not an issue with iPhones running iOS 5.
How I know this: On one of our iPhones running iOS 6: I reset the Cellular Usage counter to zero (General-->Usage-->Cellular Usage-->Reset Statistics) and left cellular data "On" (General-->Cellular-->Cellular Data 'ON'). I confirmed that the wifi connection is active.
I then immediately played a 5 minute YouTube video (using the new YouTube app that is available on the App Store); after playing the video, the Cellular Network Data counter showed 15KB sent & 8KB received.
When I did the same procedure above but set cellular data "Off", there are 0KB sent and 0KB received.
I tried this on my daughter's and my husband's iPhones, both 4s, both running iOS 6 and had the results listed above.
When I tried this on my iPhone, 4s, running iOS 5, no cellular data was sent or received when I was connected to wifi (i.e., it worked the way it is supposed to work--when connected to wifi and cellular data is "On", no cellular data is sent).
Yesterday (Sept 6 2013), I upgraded my iOS to iOS 6 on my phone--now the phone is using cellular data usage when connected to wifi!
2) I thought that it might be an issue with our router or our ISP (Comcast). I got a new router, however, and am still having the problem.
3) I did try testing it at the AT&T store--for some reason no cellular data was used when connected to wifi when I did the above test. Why the phones would have the problem on our home wifi network and not on public wifi networks, I'm not sure.
I realize that Verizon customers had this same issue when iOS 6 came out, and a patch was created to fix it. Why, oh why, is there no patch for AT&T customers??
My suspicion is that the issue is more widespread amongst AT&T customers than AT&T thinks--many AT&T customers still have unlimited data plans that were grandfathered in, so these people wouldn't care if their phones used cellular data over wifi connections and they also wouldn't get overage notices from AT&T.
The suggestion of turning off the "cellular data" in settings is NOT a fix (especially when doing so disables iMessage text messaging between iPhones when not on a wifi network--not a good thing when I'm trying to reach my children on their phones and they forget to turn cellular back on before leaving the house!).
It will be interesting to see if iOS 7 fixes this problem (or if it just makes it worse!).