Check your Podcast app. I don't know if this applies to everyone's situation, but I have tested and re-tested, and it was absolutely the culprit on my iPhone 5, devouring up to 70MB a day.
Out of the box, the app is benign. But I previously had a 3GS, which I backed up via iTunes and then "restored" all the backed-up data onto a new iPhone 5. This included all my Podcast settings, including four subscriptions. Note that I subscribed to these four podcasts via the Podcast app, not via iTunes. Something in the restored four subscriptions immediately opened a data firehose, causing the phone to continuously download data via the cellular network, even when I was connected to a WiFi network.
Within the Podcast app, the "Automatic Downloads" setting was set to "off", as was the "Use Cellular Data" setting. Nevertheless, the phone insisted on accessing the cellular network no matter what.
Most mysterious of all: I cannot figure out what it's downloading. While I slept at night, it downloaded huge amounts of data, yet when I opened up the app the next morning, there were no new podcasts in my "unplayed" queue. True, it did update the list of available podcasts, but that list couldn't possibly involve more than a few hundred KB, and probably less.
I tested all other apps individually, but the data downloading continued. But the moment I shut off the four subscriptions, the downloading immediately stopped. Strangely, I have now re-subscribed but the problem has not reappeared. I can only assumed there was some stray bug that cropped up in the process of moving data from the old phone to the new.