From the tests I did I saw that it wasn't the use of iCloud that was to blame (I don't use gmail really so can't say about Google). I reinstalled the software through iTunes and set up the phone as brand new again and it's all been ok after that. I did have another "scare" since but a couple of weeks later I just think the culprit is Safari and, in general, the new iOS and new phone do like to guzzle down data more than previous versions of the software and phone.
I also installed Onavo but I found it pointless as it's very slow getting the reports, the reports are vague AND it does use quite a bit of data itself! The one thing that it indicated though was that Safari is the main app that uses the most data.
If you have any data usage limitation per month: switching off Siri is a no brainer really. And so is not allowing apps to send you push notifications and to know your geographical location when they don't need to (my best example was a Dictionary app, why does it need to know where I am? why do I need to receive push notifications from it?). Apart from that, obviously you need to switch off any syncing that uses mobile data when it's not necessary (i.e.: iTunes music and app auto-downloads).
I don't think these restrictions cripple the phone too much; this is what I've done and the mobile data usage is sort of normal again (I still have very small data "leakage" when the phone is idle and connected to wi-fi, I think this is something we have to live with, it's around half a MB a day).