can MacBook Pro get too cold?

Yes, there is a too-cold condition too. Since the screen actually has fluid in it, too cold can damage it. As seen on the stated specs:

• Operating temperature: 50° to 95° F (10° to 35° C)
• Storage temperature: -13° to 113° F (-24° to 45° C)
• Relative humidity: 0% to 90% noncondensing

The last one is important cause if you move any electronic device from a hot to cold environment and there's enough moisture to cause condensation, this can cause damage when it happens on the components.

"absolutely freezing all the time" - put numbers on that.

Storage temperature: -13° to 113° F (-24° to 45° C)

Hmm... somewhere bit lower than -20 Celsius Li-Pol battery should irrecoverably die...

Well, that's what Apple publishes as the temp range. And yes, I am sure you are more prone to encountering such conditions in your place of residence.....

yea, we're using special Nuclear Matrioshka Bears for heating them during summer and didn't use them in other seasons at all - just thrw out and buy new every june for some dirty oil bucks 😉

And what're you using to cool them under 35 C?

Nothing like a hurricane or two to keep the place cool and moist. Paul just paid a visit yesterday, 3 on the Safir-Simpson.

Oil??? I thought you guys had the natural gas supply market cornered!

oh my... so that was still secret... Sorry, despite I like you I just have to clean the mess... Nothing personal, see ya 😉

If the house is only 3-11 then it is too cold to be using the Mac.

you can use it, but...

1) batteries will discharge faster and wear more

2) hardware will get a bit more of thermal shock - from say 5 C to 70 C and more in 30 seconds and less is not perfect for long life

so you can if you have to, but on power supply and with warmup - switch on and do nothing until it will be warm. Same after sleep - do nothing until it warm up.

and disable 'put hard disks to sleep when possible' in energy saver prefpane - as spinning cold HD up and down is not good

and keep it on - as switching it on/off is most stressful in this condition.

"Is there such a thing as the macbook being too cold?"

Yes. The most noticeably affectation is that the display will be slow, and graphics are likely to be blurry.