Hi, James. Try this simple experiment.
1. Create a new folder on your desktop, then connect your card reader. Double-click one of the photos on the camera card to confirm that it opens properly, as you've said they normally do. Drag-copy the same photo from your camera card into the folder on the desktop. Now double-click the copy. Does it behave exactly the same way as the original, or not?
2. Now drag-copy a different photo — one that you've never opened on your computer — from the camera card into the folder on the desktop. Double-click the copy to open it. Does it behave exactly the same way as the photo that you
had previously opened from the camera card, and then copied into folder on the desktop?
It may be necessary, for the results of this experiment to be most informative, to reformat your card in your camera and shoot some new photos before conducting the experiment. Reformatting will erase the photos currently on the card. But since they seem to be corrupt anyway, you've already lost them. Copy them all to your computer first anyway, in case any of them are not yet corrupt.
If the results differ between Step 1 and Step 2, then I suspect that what has queered things for you is the act of opening your photos while they still reside on the camera card, before copying them to the computer. The application they're opening in has made some obscure change in the files that isn't being saved properly on the card, and is corrupting them; consequently, they're corrupt when you then copy them onto the hard drive.
It's a good rule of thumb not to do
anything at all with photos while they reside on the camera card: always copy them onto your hard drive before opening, editing, emailing, deleting, or doing anything else to or with them. It's an equally good rule not to do anything to the card itself while it's connected to your computer: to format it, erase it, or delete individual photos from it, always use your camera's controls, while the card is in the camera and disconnected from the computer.
By the way, a folder on your desktop is just another folder in a particular location on your hard drive — there's no functional difference between a folder in the hard drive window and a folder on the desktop, except that the latter is more conveniently accessible. The desktop itself is actually a folder on the hard drive, albeit an invisible one with a special display mode managed by the OS.