iphone will not sync to itunes

I updated my iphone 4 tonight and it had me transfer my apps and games to itunes. Now that the update is finished itunes says it has synced my phone, but none of my apps, games, or music has gone back to my phone. No error message, just nothing.

I've tried resetting my phone, clearing sync history and trying again since those came up in a search, but nothing happens.

I've only had this thing a couple of months so its still new to me, but i'm getting very frustrated.