I had this problem on my brand-new Mac Pro, but fixed it in my case by burning another copy of the installer disc (from the official download image, not a pirate copy lol) at a SLOWER speed, rather than allowing it to burn at the "maximum possible" setting. This gives the laser more time to properly record, but it didn't perceptually increase the time it took to burn the disc.
I speculate that error-checking is too stringent, but weak; that is, not intelligent enough to correct any read errors. Of course, Apple's test configurations are likely using commercially-produced off-the-shelf discs rather than burned from downloads 😝 or they know to never use max speed out of habit.