I was looking for more detailed information on these ports and came across this incorrect information (and since it shows in google, yes I'm replying to an old thread). The display can certainly provide 1A to Apple peripherals.
After plugging my iPhone into my thunderbolt display I opened system information and it has this (Extra operating current is what is important here):
iPhone:
Product ID: 0x12a8
Vendor ID: 0x05ac (Apple Inc.)
Version: 8.02
Serial Number: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Speed: Up to 480 Mb/sec
Manufacturer: Apple Inc.
Location ID: 0xa0110000 / 8
Current Available (mA): 500
Current Required (mA): 500
Extra Operating Current (mA): 500