Lost my iPhone before setting up iCloud on it - can it still be found?

My iPhone got stolen a few weeks ago, and I only learned about this application after the fact, so I didn't have iCloud or anything set up on it at the time. Would it still be possible to locate it using Find My iPhone on my Mac or a friend's iPhone? I had signed into my Apple ID on my iPhone before it got stolen, so it's already registered under that account; I just never got around to properly setting up this application on it (and really wish I had now).

Also, would it make a difference that it's an American-bought iPhone, and I'm currently in Russia? Since it has an American SIM card, it can't get service over here or anything, but it can still get Wifi whenever there's a free network nearby.