I have an iPod Nano 5th Gen and it will not connect to iTunes after I insert the cable.

What have you tried so far in terms of troubleshooting this issue? Are you plugging the iPod into a high powered USB 2.0 port on the back of your PC? Have you tried a different USB cable?

What happens if you try to reset the device with it still connected to the PC?

How to reset iPod

Has this iPod ever worked on this PC or is this the first time you have time you have tried connecting it?

Have you carefully worked through each and every single suggestion in this Apple support document?

iPod not recognized in 'My Computer' and in iTunes for Windows

B-rock

I am willing to bet after updating itunes to 10.7 that it will recognize your ipod 🙂 if not, try uninstalling and reinstalling itunes (if your on windows computer) you'll want to remove all six components of itunes before you reinstall 🙂