Whether there is room is not the precise point here. Apple made many different choices to slim down the case. They cut out the optical drive. They chose to make it not quite thick enough to take a Gigabit Ethernet port, which I personally don't like. They went to soldered RAM.
It is a mistake to think this is a technical decision about measurements. Apple asked itself this question: What has more value, case slimness as a marketing asset, or the ability for relatively few users to upgrade RAM? Obviously Apple decided that they valued case slimness more.
Apple did test this by putting out the MacBook Air: Superthin case, no upgradeability. Then Apple stood back and watched for the market reaction.
Consumers loved the MacBook Air, and after four years they have continued to buy them. Many Windows users were converted by the MacBook Air's size and weight, to the point where some bought it just to run Windows on. It still outsells PC ultrabooks with similar specs.
Apple concluded their decision was validated by the market, and proceeded to slim the Pro models as well.
You can get angry about that, but that is their decision, backed up by the votes of the free market, and it is our decision to vote by accepting it or buying a different laptop. If I was to buy a MacBook Pro today, I am happy that Apple still sells the non-Retina version because that is the one I want, in part because of the ability to upgrade RAM and storage as well as legacy port availability.
fellow wrote:
I found the explanation of the permanent battery implausible but at least reasonable.
In my view, freeing up room for a 1000-cycle battery (versus the 300-cycle batteries of PCs and older Macs) is a trade-off well worth it. It means the battery may not need to be replaced during the life of the computer since instead of a battery replacement after 300 cycles/3-4 years, it could last up to triple that...more years than most people care to keep it. Most users will probably choose to upgrade before the built-in battery falls to less than 90 minutes runtime.