SMS is inherently limited to 160 characters (140 bytes), so three SMS messages would be 480 characters. The so-called long protocol cannot change that inherent limit, so the service providers systems take a message of less than 480 characters and split it into three. There is no provision for anything longer than 480, so those get rolled over and sent out as MMS.
If you turn off MMS, but have an MMS capable account, I do not know? It still may be that if you try sending a message of more than 480 characters, it would still go out as MMS from your account and you'd be billed for it, as that is the only way for the system to ensure actually sending of your unusually long SMS text message. Or, it might just not send anything at all and return an error.
Turn on the character counter to know how long your message is getting, and honestly, if it gets longer than 160 characters, I'd switch to email to be sure of no unexpected charges. SMS was just never designed for messages longer than 140 bytes.