Is your MacBook older, say pre-mid-2011 or newer? Or put another way, did it come with OS X 10.7 Lion or OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion?
When you boot to the recovery partition, and bring up Disk Utility, when you clicked the first aid tab and Repair Disk, did you do that on the volume and/or the partition? The volume would be the left-most entry, with the partition indented below that. You can repair both. Did you try repairing both?
It's too early to say that the hard drive has unrecoverable issues. Typically, when there are hard drive issues that Disk Utility can't repair, the next step is Disk Warrior (assuming there's not an obvious hardware issue). Some use TechTool Pro, but Disk Warrior has been the greater tool of choice for disk repairs.
If you can, it would be good to run the Apple Hardware Test. If your MacBook came with OS X 10.6 or prior, you have the original OS X disk to run the hardware test (the disk that says in small print on the label 'AHT Version x.x' is the one to use). If your MacBook came with Lion/Mtn Lion, you didn't get any DVD's, and should follow the steps in the Apple note. If you're able to run this, it will help determine whether there is a hardware issue with the hard drive. If not, then Disk Warrior can likely fix the drive. The hardware test can take over an hour, depending on how much memory you have installed.